Hydroponics and Vertical Farming: The Technical Guide to Understand, Grow, and Innovate

1. What is hydroponics and why it works: the ultimate guide to understanding the cultivation of the future

Written by Tomato+ Team | Nov 16, 2025 4:57:37 PM

 

Hydroponics is not just an innovative method of growing without soil: it is a technology destined to transform the way we produce food forever.
This blog was created precisely to tell you-step by step, from the basic level to the most advanced concepts-everything you need to understand it, use it, and get the most value out of it, whether you are an enthusiast, a professional, or a researcher.

In this first article we start with the basics: what hydroponics is and why it works so well.

What is hydroponics

Hydroponics is a growing system in which plants grow without soil, with their roots immersed in a balanced nutrient solution that contains everything they need: water, macro- and micronutrients, and oxygen.

Instead of soil, an inert substrate (such as coco, perlite, rockwool or technical fabrics) is used that supports the plant but does not intervene in nutrition.
All "fertility" is precisely managed through water and nutrients.

It is a paradigm shift:
👉 you don't grow in soil, you grow in science and data.

Why hydroponics works so well

Hydroponics is not "a fad," but a system based on very sound physical and biological principles. And it works better than traditional growing for at least four reasons:

1. 100% accurate nutrition.

The plant gets exactly what it needs, in the correct amount, always available.
Result: faster growth, almost no stress, higher quality.

2. Drastically reduced water consumption.

Water circulates in a closed system and is reused.
Typical savings: -90% compared to growing in soil.

3. Zero competition in the soil

In nature, roots compete with microorganisms, salts, stones and unpredictable conditions.
In hydroponics everything is controlled, cleaned and optimized.

4. No dependence on climate

Hydroponics works everywhere, 365 days a year.
Whether you are in the city, in winter or in an area with poor soil, the result does not change.

Where we find hydroponics today

From being a "laboratory" technology, today hydroponics has become a key component of:

  • home kitchens with automated mini-greenhouses

  • urban vertical farms

  • gourmet restaurants

  • advanced farms

  • research centers

  • specialized food production

And its spread grows every year because it offers something unique:
consistent, sustainable, superior quality crops independent of climate and global uncertainties.

Why this blog will become the benchmark on hydroponics

We live at a time when hydroponics and vertical farming are moving from being "technologies for a few experts" to real tools for solving real problems: lack of arable land, supply chain crises, energy costs, and the need for local and sustainable food.

Our goal is to create the ultimate guide:
A place where anyone-novice or professional-can find clear, technical but accessible answers.

In future articles we will explore each topic, in ascending order of complexity:

  • how hydroponic systems work

  • what you can grow

  • how to manage nutrients, EC, pH

  • how to build or optimize a system

  • how to calculate density, costs, yields

  • all the way to the more advanced topics: sensors, AI, predictive models, tunable LEDs, multilayer simulations

This will be a progressive, comprehensive, and above all practical course.

 

Thank you for reading this article. Follow us for more insights on hydroponics, vertical farming and the future of smart agriculture.
Tomato+ Team